Publications

2024

1. 

   Cross-Document Event-Keyed Summarization

   William Walden, Pavlo Kuchmiichuk, Alexander Martin, Chihsheng Jin, Angela Cao, Claire Sun, Curisia Allen, and Aaron Steven White

   2024

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2. MultiVENT 2.0: A Massive Multilingual Benchmark for Event-Centric Video Retrieval

   Reno Kriz, Kate Sanders, David Etter, Kenton Murray, Cameron Carpenter, Kelly Van Ochten, Hannah Recknor, Jimena Guallar-Blasco, Alexander Martin, Ronald Colaianni, Nolan King, Eugene Yang, and Benjamin Van Durme

   2024

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3. 

   Grounding Partially-Described Events in Multimodal Data

   Kate Sanders, Reno Kriz, David Etter, Hannah Recknor, Alexander Martin, Cameron Carpenter, Jingyang Lin, and Benjamin Van Durme

   In Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Nov 2024

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   Organizing perceived change into events is a key element of human cognition, and so to understand data as humans do, AI systems must model events of human interest. While natural language enables straightforward ways to represent complex events, visual data does not facilitate analogous methods and, consequently, introduces unique challenges in event understanding. To tackle complex event modeling in multimodal settings, we introduce a multimodal formulation for arbitrarily complex events and cast the extraction of these events as a three-stage span retrieval task. We propose a corresponding benchmark for this task, MultiVENT Grounded, that consists of 14.5 hours of densely annotated current event videos and 1,168 text documents, containing 22.8K labeled event-centric entities. We propose a collection of LLM-driven approaches to the task of multimodal event analysis, and evaluate both on MultiVENT Grounded. Results illustrate the challenges that abstract event understanding in noisy content poses while also demonstrating promise in event-centric video-language systems.

4. Hi5: 2D Hand Pose Estimation with Zero Human Annotation

   Masum Hasan, Cengiz Ozel, Nina Long, Alexander Martin, Samuel Potter, Tariq Adnan, Sangwu Lee, Amir Zadeh, and Ehsan Hoque

   Nov 2024

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   We propose a new large synthetic hand pose estimation dataset, Hi5, and a novel inexpensive method for collecting high-quality synthetic data that requires no human annotation or validation. Leveraging recent advancements in computer graphics, high-fidelity 3D hand models with diverse genders and skin colors, and dynamic environments and camera movements, our data synthesis pipeline allows precise control over data diversity and representation, ensuring robust and fair model training. We generate a dataset with 583,000 images with accurate pose annotation using a single consumer PC that closely represents real-world variability. Pose estimation models trained with Hi5 perform competitively on real-hand benchmarks while surpassing models trained with real data when tested on occlusions and perturbations. Our experiments show promising results for synthetic data as a viable solution for data representation problems in real datasets. Overall, this paper provides a promising new approach to synthetic data creation and annotation that can reduce costs and increase the diversity and quality of data for hand pose estimation.

5. 

   Event-Keyed Summarization

   William Gantt, Alexander Martin, Pavlo Kuchmiichuk, and Aaron Steven White

   In Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Nov 2024

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   We introduce event-keyed summarization (EKS), a novel task that marries traditional summarization and document-level event extraction, with the goal of generating a contextualized summary for a specific event, given a document and an extracted event structure. We introduce a dataset for this task, MUCSUM, consisting of summaries of all events in the classic MUC-4 dataset, along with a set of baselines that comprises both pretrained LM standards in the summarization literature, as well as larger frontier models. We show that ablations that reduce EKS to traditional summarization or structure-to-text yield inferior summaries of target events and that MUCSUM is a robust benchmark for this task. Lastly, we conduct a human evaluation of both reference and model summaries, and provide some detailed analysis of the results.

6. 

   FAMuS: Frames Across Multiple Sources

   Siddharth Vashishtha, Alexander Martin, William Gantt, Benjamin Van Durme, and Aaron Steven White

   In Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Jun 2024

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   Understanding event descriptions is a central aspect of language processing, but current approaches focus overwhelmingly on single sentences or documents. Aggregating information about an event across documents can offer a much richer understanding. To this end, we present FAMuS, a new corpus of Wikipedia passages that report on some event, paired with underlying, genre-diverse (non-Wikipedia) source articles for the same event. Events and (cross-sentence) arguments in both report and source are annotated against FrameNet, providing broad coverage of different event types. We present results on two key event understanding tasks enabled by FAMuS: source validation—determining whether a document is a valid source for a target report event—and cross-document argument extraction—full-document argument extraction for a target event from both its report and the correct source article.

2023

1. MegaWika: Millions of reports and their sources across 50 diverse languages

   Samuel Barham, Orion Weller, Michelle Yuan, Kenton Murray, Mahsa Yarmohammadi, Zhengping Jiang, Siddharth Vashishtha, Alexander Martin, Anqi Liu, Aaron Steven White, Jordan Boyd-Graber, and Benjamin Van Durme

   Jun 2023

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   To foster the development of new models for collaborative AI-assisted report generation, we introduce MegaWika, consisting of 13 million Wikipedia articles in 50 diverse languages, along with their 71 million referenced source materials. We process this dataset for a myriad of applications, going beyond the initial Wikipedia citation extraction and web scraping of content, including translating non-English articles for cross-lingual applications and providing FrameNet parses for automated semantic analysis. MegaWika is the largest resource for sentence-level report generation and the only report generation dataset that is multilingual. We manually analyze the quality of this resource through a semantically stratified sample. Finally, we provide baseline results and trained models for crucial steps in automated report generation: cross-lingual question answering and citation retrieval.

2. 

   Jurassic World Remake: Bringing Ancient Fossils Back to Life via Zero-Shot Long Image-to-Image Translation

   Alexander Martin, Haitian Zheng, Jie An, and Jiebo Luo

   In ACM Multimedia, Ottawa ON, Canada, Jun 2023

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   With a strong understanding of the target domain from natural language, we produce promising results in translating across large domain gaps and bringing skeletons back to life. In this work, we use text-guided latent diffusion models for zero-shot image-to-image translation (I2I) across large domain gaps (longI2I), where large amounts of new visual features and new geometry need to be generated to enter the target domain. Being able to perform translations across large domain gaps has a wide variety of real-world applications in criminology, astrology, environmental conservation, and paleontology. In this work, we introduce a new task Skull2Animal for translating between skulls and living animals. On this task, we find that unguided Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are not capable of translating across large domain gaps. Instead of these traditional I2I methods, we explore the use of guided diffusion and image editing models and provide a new benchmark model, Revive-2I, capable of performing zero-shot I2I via text-prompting latent diffusion models. We find that guidance is necessary for longI2I because, to bridge the large domain gap, prior knowledge about the target domain is needed. In addition, we find that prompting provides the best and most scalable information about the target domain as classifier-guided diffusion models require retraining for specific use cases and lack stronger constraints on the target domain because of the wide variety of images they are trained on.

3. A New Interpretation of Relative Importance on an Analysis of Per and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposures on Bone Mineral Density

   Andrea B. Kirk, Alisa DeStefano, Alexander Martin, Karli C. Kirk, and Clyde F. Martin

   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Jun 2023

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   Background: The relative contribution of environmental contaminants is an important, and frequently unanswered, question in human or ecological risk assessments. This interpretation of relative importance allows determination of the overall effect of a set of variables relative to other variables on an adverse health outcome. There are no underlying assumptions of independence of variables. The tool developed and used here is specifically designed for studying the effects of mixtures of chemicals on a particular function of the human body. Methods: We apply the approach to estimate the contributions of total exposure to six PFAS (perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, 2-(N-methyl-PFOSA) acetate, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid) to loss of bone mineral density relative to other factors related to risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture, using data from subjects who participated in the US National Health Examination and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) of 2013–2014. Results: PFAS exposures contribute to bone mineral density changes relative to the following variables: age, weight, height, vitamin D2 and D3, gender, race, sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, and estradiol. Conclusion: We note significant alterations to bone mineral density among more highly exposed adults and significant differences in effects between men and women.